Why is My Big Toe Nail White? Causes and Treatments
Wondering why your nail is white? Explore common causes and simple remedies to treat and prevent white spots or discoloration
Nail Psoriasis vs Fungus: Which Do I Have?
Thickened and discolored nails can be distressing, particularly when it’s unclear whether the nail changes come from psoriasis or fungal infection. In the nail psoriasis versus fungus debate, there can be a lot of confusion because both conditions can look alike and exist concurrently, so learning to distinguish between them ensures we can seek the right treatments, prevent complications, and work to restore healthy nails.
Understanding Nail Psoriasis
Nail psoriasis arises from the body’s immune system attacking its own cells, resulting in inflammation and excessive turnover. About half of those with psoriasis can develop nail changes, and fingernails are more frequently affected than toenails. Nail psoriasis is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Common signs of nail psoriasis include:
- Nail pitting, which are small dents or depressions in the nail surface.
- Yellow-brown discoloration, sometimes called oil spots.
- Onycholysis, a separation of the nail from the nail bed.
- Chalky or crumbly texture.
- Ridges or grooves running lengthwise.
- Thickening, but feeling brittle.
These symptoms may appear in several nails at once, especially if there are visible psoriasis patches elsewhere on the body. Nail psoriasis occasionally produces pain or tenderness if debris accumulates underneath.
Understanding Nail Fungus
Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a localized infection caused by dermatophytes or yeast fungi, typically contracted in moist environments such as showers, pools, and locker rooms. This infection is common, especially as people age or their nails are damaged.
Common signs of a nail fungus include:
- Nail thickening with a hard, sometimes bumpy surface.
- White, yellow, or brown discoloration.
- Gradual distortion or malformation of nails.
- Lifting or separation at any part of the nail.
- A foul odor from debris trapped under the nail.
- Occasional pain if the nail gets very thick or pressure builds.
Fungal infections usually start in one nail and may spread to others, and they can also involve the skin around the nail, which can sometimes lead to athlete’s foot (tinea pedis).
Nail Psoriasis vs Nail Fungus
While nail psoriasis and fungal infections share several visible symptoms, there are key differences in the cause, appearance, and treatment requirements of each. The table below outlines the major distinctions.
| Feature | Nail Psoriasis | Nail Fungus |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Autoimmune/inflammatory | Infection by fungus |
| Spread | Often affects many nails | Starts with one nail |
| Surface texture | Pitting and ridges | Hard, thick, and even surface |
| Discoloration | Yellow-dash brown, and/or “oil spots” | White/yellow/brown, spreads evenly |
| Use acetone-free products | Peel off nail polish | Peel off nail polish |
| Common Symptoms | Pitting, ridges, yellow-brown patches | Thick, yellow/white nails, odor |
| Odor | None | Foul smell is common |
| Location | Fingers and toes (often both) | Mostly toenails |
| Nail separation | Starts at the tip and progresses | Separation can occur anywhere |
| Contagious | No | Yes, via surfaces and or contact |
| Link to Systemic Disease | Psoriasis on the skin is likely | May occur alone |
| Pain | Tenderness is possible | Pain often comes with thick nails |
| Treatment type | Immune-modulating therapies | Antifungal Medications |
How Do You Tell Nail Psoriasis and Nail Fungus Apart?
Distinguishing between nail psoriasis and fungus isn’t always easy; however, there are a few factors that can guide you and professionals:
- Medical history, particularly if psoriasis symptoms like scaly skin patches or joint pain exist elsewhere.
- Location and number, as psoriasis often affects multiple nails at the same time, but fungus tends to begin in one nail and spread.
- Texture and color detail, as mottled pitting or oil drop discoloration, will suggest psoriasis. A thick, hard, yellow, or brown nail with a foul odor typically means fungus.
- Odor, as smells are common in fungal infection, but not in nail psoriasis.
- A professional diagnosis, which may include lab testing practices such as fungal cultures or a biopsy, is necessary for confirmation.
As both conditions can exist together, this complicates diagnosis and treatment.
Treating Nail Psoriasis and Nail Fungus
Correct identification is essential prior to starting treatment, as therapies differ fundamentally:
Nail Psoriasis Treatments
Treating nail psoriasis is challenging and often slow, as nails regenerate very gradually. Options can include:
- Topical medications such as corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues such as calcipotriol, and vitamin A derivatives such as tazarotene can be applied daily, sometimes for months, to affected nails and surrounding skin.
- Corticosteroid injections placed directly into the nail bed or matrix can reduce inflammation and nail changes.
- Phototherapy, such as PUVA or light therapy, could be effective for extensive psoriasis but is limited in nail penetration.
- Systemic medications such as retinoids, biologics, cyclosporine, and methotrexate could be used when skin or joints are severely affected.
- Trimming and grooming with tools such as heavy-duty toenail clippers can manage thick nails and prevent trauma.
- Lifestyle changes can protect nails and keep hands and feet dry.
Nail Fungus Treatments
Fungal nail infections need targeted antifungal medication, and effective treatment often takes several months.
- Oral antifungal drugs such as itraconazole or terbinafine can be effective for severe infections.
- Topical antifungal polishes or creams such as amorolfine and tavaborole are applied daily for a lengthy period of time.
- Reducing nail thickness to improve medication penetration.
- Over-the-counter antifungal solutions, such as antifungal sticks, could help prevent and manage infections alongside prescription therapies.
- Professional care, where podiatrists can file nails or prescribe stronger treatment if necessary.
As there is a major difference in nail psoriasis versus fungus, identification is key at the very outset to ensure that we are treating the condition correctly. With the right approach and treatment, anyone experiencing nail fungus or psoriasis can get the support they need.
FAQs
Can Nail psoriasis be mistaken for fungus?
Yes. Both conditions cause thick, discolored nails, making diagnosis tricky without medical testing.
Is psoriasis fungal?
No. Psoriasis is autoimmune, not infectious. Fungus is a contagious infection.
Can I have both nail psoriasis and fungus?
Yes, people with psoriasis are more prone to fungal nail infections.
Which is harder to treat: fungus or psoriasis?
Psoriasis is a long-term autoimmune condition; fungus can usually be cleared with consistent antifungal treatment.
Sources:
#1.
Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Alliance (PAPAA) (2021). Nail psoriasis: A positive approach. Available at: https://www.papaa.org/media/2236/nail-psoriasis-2021.pdf (Accessed: 3 September 2025).
#2.
Cleveland Clinic (2021). What is athlete’s foot & how do you treat it? 1 December. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22139-athletes-foot-tinea-pedis (Accessed: 3 September 2025).
Swissklip Team
Our blog is authored by the Swissklip founders alongside our trusted medical advisors. What began as a heartfelt solution for Opa’s thick toenails blossomed into a full line of premium self-care tools, all designed with quality and safety in mind. Working closely with podiatrists and dentists, we ensure every article carries medical-grade insights you can trust. Expect practical, expert-backed advice every time.
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